刚度特性对八连杆隔离器隔振、隔冲性能的影响分析

为提高惯导设备隔离器的防护能力,设计了一种能够大幅度卸载任意方向冲击载荷的多杆并联隔离器,并选择能以小变形承受大载荷的碟簧作为弹性元件。同时,为分析隔离器的刚度特性及其对隔离器隔振、隔冲性能的影响,进行了准静态压缩实验、振动试验和冲击试验。研究发现,随着隔冲杆中碟簧数量增加,预紧力增大,弹性元件的准零刚度特性渐强,垂向及水平向隔振能力产生不同程度的削弱。在隔冲性能上,当准零刚度特性较为明显时,试验和仿真计算得到的加速度响应峰值更大,但随冲击载荷增加,隔离率趋于稳定。最后得出,当弹性元件具有较弱的准零刚度特性时,有利于保证隔离器在复杂冲击环境下,保持较好隔振、隔冲能力,为多杆并联隔离器的优化设计提供了参考。

Analysis of influence of stiffness characteristics on vibration and shock isolation performance of eight-element isolator

In order to improve the protective capability of isolator of inertial navigation equipment, a multi-element parallel isolator was designed, which can unload impact loads in any direction by a large margin, and a disc spring which can bear large loads with small deformation was selected as an elastic element. At the same time, quasi-static compression test, vibration test and impact test were carried out to analyze the stiffness characteristics of isolator and its influence on isolation performance. It is found that with the increase of the number of disc springs in a single spacer, the preload increases，and the quasi-zero stiffness characteristic of the elastic component is gradually stronger, and then the vertical and horizontal vibration isolation capabilities are weakened to varying degrees. In the study of the isolation performance, when the quasi-zero stiffness characteristics are more obvious, the peaks of the acceleration response obtained by the test and simulation are larger, but with the increase of the impact load, the isolation rate tends to be stable. Finally, when the elastic element has weak quasi-zero stiffness characteristics, it is beneficial to ensure that the isolator keeps good vibration isolation and shock isolation ability under complex impact environment, which provides a reference for the optimal design of multi- element parallel isolator.