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Identification and quantification of major organic foulants in treated domestic wastewater affecting filterability in dead-end ultrafiltration
Authors:Zheng Xing  Ernst Mathias  Jekel Martin
Affiliation:a Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
b Technische Universität Berlin, Centre for Water in Urban Areas, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
Abstract:Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes can be used after conventional wastewater treatment to produce particle free and hygienically safe water for reuse. However, membrane fouling affects the performance of UF to a large extent. Stirred cell tests with UF membrane show high flux decline filtering treated domestic wastewater. Investigation on the impact of size fractioned substances indicates that dissolved substances are major foulants affecting water filterability. Dissolved organic substances in feed and permeate samples of the stirred cell tests are analyzed by liquid chromatography with online organic carbon detection (LC-OCD). The resulting chromatograms displayed a significant difference of feed and permeate samples in the range of large molecules identified as biopolymer peak. The substances detected in this peak (mostly macro polysaccharide-like and protein-like molecules) are almost completely retained by UF membranes. Quantified investigation shows that biopolymer concentration influences filterability of corresponding water sample proportionally. The apparent magnitude of delivered biopolymer to membrane has a striking correlation with fouling resistance. The relationship was verified to be reproducible using different water samples. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that based on the delivered biopolymer load to membrane pore blocking or cake/gel fouling is the main fouling mechanism in the present experiment conditions.
Keywords:Dead-end ultrafiltration  Biopolymer  Filterability  Membrane fouling  Liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection  Treated domestic wastewater
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