洞头羊栖菜不同部位的营养成分和物化性质分析

羊栖菜作为海洋藻类具有重要的食用价值。为了探究羊栖菜不同部位营养成分和物化性状是否有差异,该研究以温州洞头羊栖菜为研究对象,分析了其茎、侧枝、气囊、生殖托等部位的基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、物化性质差异,评价了蛋白质的营养价值以及理化性质间的相关性。结果表明,羊栖菜不同部位营养成分、物化性质存在显著差异(p<0.05)。相较其它部位,生殖托中蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物含量更高,分别为15.64 g/100 g、5.77 g/100 g、50.03 g/100 g;而侧枝中粗纤维、灰分含量更高,分别为10.27 g/100 g、26.86 g/100 g;气囊各营养成分含量处在中间水平。各部位均检测出17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基含量丰富,占总氨基酸的40%左右。枝干氨基酸组成更为均衡,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)最高为96.73,气囊、生殖托平均EAAI为89.31。在物化性质方面,侧枝持水性最强(11.96 g/g),气囊持油性最强(1.98 g/g);蛋白质、粗纤维、脂质与羊栖菜的物化性质显著相关(p<0.05)。综上,羊栖菜不同部位营养成分和物化性状存在差异,可为拓展羊栖菜国内外市场,以及对羊栖菜不同部位进行有选择性的开发利用提供基础数据。

Analysis of Nutritional Components and Physicochemical Properties of Different Parts of Sargassum fusiforme

In this study, Sargassum fusiforme was used as the research object, the basic nutrient components, amino acid composition and physicochemical properties of the stem, branches, pneumatocyst, and reproductive receptacles of Sargassum fusiforme were analyzed, in order to explore whether there are differences in the physical and chemical properties of different parts of Sargassum fusiforme. The nutritional value of protein and the correlation between physical and chemical properties were also evaluated. The results showed that compared with other parts, the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents in the reproductive receptacle were higher (i.e. 15.64 g/100 g, 5.77 g/100 g, and 50.03 g/100 g, respectively); the crude fiber and ash contents in the lateral branches were higher (i.e. 10.27 g/100 g and 26.86 g/100 g, respectively). The content of each nutrient in the pneumatocyst was at an intermediate level. Totally 17 kinds of amino acids were detected in each part, with essential amino acids accounting for about 40% of the total amino acids (indicating the abundance of essential amino acids). The amino acid composition of the branches and stems was more balanced, with the highest essential amino acid index (EAAI) reaching 96.73. The pneumatocyst and reproductive receptacle had an EAAI of 89.31. In terms of physicochemical properties, the lateral branches had the strongest water holding capacity (11.96 g/g), and the pneumatocyst had the strongest oil holding capability (1.98 g/g). The protein, crude fiber and lipid contents were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with the physicochemical properties of Sargassum fusiforme. In summary, there were differences in the physicochemical properties of different parts of S. fusiforme. The results can provide basic data for expanding domestic S. fusiforme markets and utilizing selectively the different parts of S. fusiforme.