专业课教师讲授通识课存在的问题及改进策略——以《〈圣经〉文学选读》为例

专业课教师讲授通识课既存在教育理念方面的问题,也存在教学策略方面的问题。在教育理念方面,专业课教师往往用自己所熟悉的文化素质课、公共必修课、公共选修课的概念来理解通识课程,简单地将通识课理解为专业知识的普及课,没有在通识教育理念的指导下研究学生、教学目的、教学内容、教学形式和教学方法。在教学策略方面,大班上课,难以实行因材施教;以讲授法为主,难以激发学生的积极性、主动性和创造性;过分依赖多媒体,难以在课堂上开发新的课程内容;教学评价手段单一,难以实现教学评价的激励和调节功能。改变现状首先要改变文化素质教育的观点,树立起通识教育的理念,正确处理好通识课与专业课的关系。作为一种大学教育的理念,通识教育旨在通过对自由学术的探讨,培养理性完善、情感优美、行为优雅的＂完整的人＂,中国古代的＂大学之道＂就是一种通识教育的理念。其次要改进教学策略,选择经典名著作为教学内容;采用灵活多样的教学组织形式;更多地采用共同解决问题型的教学方法。

Problems Existing in the Teaching of General Education Courses by Teachers of Professional Courses and Strategies for Improvement

There exist two problems about the teaching of general education courses by the professional teachers, their educational ideas and teaching strategies. In terms of educational ideas, teachers of professional courses often consider the general education curriculum as cultural quality courses, common compulsory courses and common elective courses, thus simply taking general education courses as the popularization of professional knowledge instead of studying students, teaching objectives, contents, forms and methods under the guidance of general educational ideas. In the aspect of teaching strategies, teachers cannot teach students in accordance of their aptitude in big classes, nor can they stimulate students＇ enthusiasm, initiatives and creativity mainly through the lecturing method. Too much reliance on multi-media teaching hampers the development of teaching contents in class while the incentive and regulatory functions of teaching evaluation cannot be implemented by the single teaching evaluation system. To change the present situation, teachers should first of all change their ideas about cultural quality education, establish ideas of general education and deal properly with relation between the general education course and the professional courses. As an idea of college education, general education aims at cultivating ＂the whole man＂ being of perfect reasoning, healthy emotion and graceful behavior by helping them to probe into free learning. What is implied in ＂The Great Learning＂ in ancient China is the very idea of general education. To improve teaching strategies, the classics should be taken as the teaching contents for general education courses, organizational forms of teaching should be diversified and the method of solving problems collectively should be adopted.