水利工程建设对洞庭湖及鄱阳湖湿地的影响

随着三峡水利工程建成运行以及长江上游干流梯级 水库的规划建设，水利工程对两湖(洞庭湖、翻阳湖)湿地的叠加累积影响正逐步显露，其主 要表现为泥沙对两湖湿地演化的影响，水文变化对两湖生物、生境的影响。对生物及生境的 影响，两湖湿地表现较为一致，为此，主要论述了对滩地、植被、越冬珍稀水鸟、鱼类的影 响等。大型水利工程建设对湿地演化的影响，两湖湿地表现出的差异性则较大：对洞庭湖， 长江干流水利工程减缓了湿地正向演化的速度，但却加重了湿地正向演化最终的萎缩程度； 对鄱阳湖，长江干流水利工程破坏了现有的泥沙冲淤准动态平衡过程，大大加速了湿地的正 向演化的速度，此外鄱阳湖控制工程将使鄱阳湖湿地迅速萎缩。

Influences of Hydraulic Engineering Construction on Wetlands of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake

With the running of Three Gorges Project and other hydraulic engineerings on the main stream of Yangtze River,the cumulative effect of hydraulic engineering construction on wetland systems of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake are more and more obvious.It has mainly manifested as the influences of sediment accumulation on wetland succession and hydrology changing on biology and biological environment.It is the same to the influence on two lake wetland inhabitants,but the influence on the succession is very different: for Dongting Lake,The hydraulic engineering complexes on upper main stream of Yangtze River decelerate positive succession,but the degree of atrophy will be deteriorated;for Poyang Lake,those constructions will destroy dynamically balanced process of sediment and great accelerate its positive succession.