核能生产人工辐射源对中国大陆公众的辐射照射

总结了核燃料循环和核电生产放射性流出物释放对中国大陆公众的辐射照射，所涉及的活动主要包括铀矿开采和冶炼、铀转化和铀浓缩、核燃料元件生产、核反应堆发电对中国大陆公众的影响。评估结果表明，对于中国铀矿开采和冶炼、铀转化和铀浓缩、核燃料元件生产、压水堆核电生产、重水堆核电生产，按照5年期（2001—2005）平均的归一化集体有效剂量分别为0.81、5.16×10^-3、2.09×10^-3、2.91×10^-3和1.84×10^-1人?Sv/（GW?a），中国核能生产的某些环节的放射性流出物排放和所致的归一化集体有效剂量比全球平均值高，值得进一步分析和研究。

Radiation Exposures to Public of Chinese Mainland From Man-Made Radiation Sources of Nuclear Energy Generation

An overview was provided for the exposures to the public of Chinese Mainland from man-made radioactive effluents released in the nuclear energy generation of China during 1986—2005.The annual normalized collective effective doses averaged over a five-year period 2001—2005 are 0.81,5.16×10-3,2.09×10-3,2.91×10-3 and 1.84×10-1 man·Sv/(GW·a),respectively,for the uranium mining and milling,uranium conversion and enrichment,the fabrication of fuel elements,the operation of pressurized water reactors,and the operation of heavy water reactors.The normalized collective effective doses at some stages of the nuclear fuel cycle in China are much higher than that of the global average value.Thereby,further study and improvement are necessary.