膳食主成分对肠道微生物的影响研究进展

饮食是影响肠道菌群组成和代谢的重要因素之一，更是最容易控制或改变的因素。饮食中大量营养成分的类型、数量及平衡状态会影响肠道微生物的组成和数量；同样，微生物会影响食物消化效率，并根据膳食底物产生特定的代谢产物，从而影响其他微生物及宿主健康。本文综述膳食主要成分对肠道微生物组成及代谢的影响，旨在为肠道菌群研究及其饮食调控提供一定的思路和参考。

A Review of the Influence of Major Dietary Macronutrients on the Gut Microbiota

Diet is one of the major and easiest factors to change or control the composition and metabolism of the gut
microbiota. The type, amount and balance of the main dietary macronutrients have a great impact on the population and
species of the intestinal microbiota. Meanwhile, the intestinal microbiota can affect the degradation of foods, other bacteria
and host health by producing particular metabolites according to substrates. This paper reviews the influence of main dietary
macronutrients on the gut microbiota, aiming to provide further understanding of how diet modulates the composition and
metabolism of the gut microbiota and new ideas to regulate them through diet.