常减压蒸馏装置加工国外原油时采用初馏塔或闪蒸塔方案的探讨

进口原油中的轻组分要高于中国原油，因此国内原采用的蒸馏设计需加以改进。加工进口原油时，常减压蒸馏装置可采用初馏塔或闪蒸塔两种方案，通过ＡＳＰＥＮ流程模拟程序对两种方案进行了模拟计算，从工艺条件、设备选型、轻烃回收等几个方面进行了详细对比。结果表明，在加工中东混合原油时，采用初馏塔方案的能耗比闪蒸塔方案高２３．８６ＭＪ／ｔ原油，但其它方面的灵活性高于闪蒸塔方案，特别是当轻烃回收部分采用初馏塔加压操作

DISCUSSION ON PROCESSING SCHEMES OF ATMOSPHERIC AND VACUUM DISTILLATION FOR IMPORTED CRUDES

Imported crudes such as Middle East crudes have more light compositions than Chinese crudes. The conventional domestic distillation design should be modified by adding either a prefractionator or a flash column. Two process schemes, including operation conditions, equipment types and light hydrocarbon recovery methods were compared by using ASPEN process simulation program. The result showed that the energy consumption of the prefractionator scheme was 23. 86 Mt per ton crude higher than the flash column scheme when processing Middle East crude, however, the flexibility of the former is better than the latter. Especially a pressurized operation of the prefractionator can be used to recover the light hydrocarbons without using a compressor. It is concluded that the prefractionator scheme is more reasonable and economical.