中国利用海外油气资源成果及展望

随着国内能源消费量的快速增长,国内油气产量已远远不能满足市场需求,而海外油气资源的利用则极大地缓解了上述供不应求的矛盾。通过国际贸易(现货和期货)进口和到境外资源国参与油气生产获得份额油已成为中国引进国际油气资源的两大途径。在综合分析相关商业数据和调研海外油气项目的基础上,得到了以下认识:1我国已在海外建立起北非、西非、中亚、南美、中东、东南亚和北美油气生产区,截至2012年底,中国公司海外权益油气储量已达25.3×108(1toe=41.868GJ);2除了到资源国自主勘探开发,近年来资产并购亦成为中国公司获得海外油气资产的重要途径,通过并购,中石化、中海油的国际业务快速增长;3每年需进口大量石油和天然气来弥补需求量缺口,一半左右的进口原油来自中东,非洲、中亚、南美地区的原油进口量最近几年快速增加,原油进口地区趋于分散;4天然气进口主要有管道气和LNG两种形式,其中前者气源目前主要来自中亚,后者主要来自亚太和中东。

Oil and gas supplement from overseas: An overview and outlook

In recent years, domestic oil and gas production can not meet the soaring energy demand, so overseas resources will be urgently demanded to compensate for the short supply. There are two approaches to achieving oil and gas resources from overseas. One is to purchase oil and gas in spot or future markets; the other is to obtain share oil and gas from participating in the upstream gas production. Through a comprehensive analysis of the relevant business data and the investigation into overseas oil and gas projects, we obtained the following findings. (1) Many oil and gas production zones have been built in North Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, South America, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and North America; and up till the end of 2012, Chinese companies had gained about 2.53 billion tons of oil equivalent (toe). (2) Mergers and acquisitions (M & A) is an important channel to get overseas oil and gas assets these years. For example, Sinopec and CNOOC’s foreign oil and gas trade has been increasing rapidly by M & A over the past few years. (3) China imports a great amount of oil and gas each year to narrow the gap in demand. About 50% of the imported crude oil is from the Middle East, but with the increasing volume imported from Africa, Central Asia, and South America, the source regions of imported oil are tending to be scattered. The imported gas includes pipeline gas from Central Asia and LNG from the Asia-Pacific and the Middle East.