物探冲击器与钻头和岩石相互作用仿真研究

冲旋钻井技术已广泛应用于矿藏、油气等资源的勘探开发领域,但仍存在钻具损坏严重、能量传递效率低等不足。冲击器的能量传递和破岩效率是冲旋钻井技术的关键参数之一。结合冲旋钻井技术的实际应用情况，阐述了计算假设、三维模型的建立、材料属性及单元类型、划分网格、定义接触、施加载荷等问题，建立了物探冲击器与钻头和岩石相互作用的有限元模型并进行了计算仿真。得到了活塞撞击钻头的能量传递效率；钻头在单次冲击旋转作用下，破碎岩石的深度为6.4 mm；冲击器活塞在运动过程中存在径向速度与位移，危害非常大，应尽量减小或消除。为研究冲击器与钻头和岩石的能量传递关系、钻井工艺参数和钻具结构的优化奠定了理论基础。

Simulation Study on the Impactor-bit-rock Interaction in Geophysical Prospecting

Percussion drilling has been widely used in oil and gas exploration, while there are still some problems, such as severe damages to drilling tools, low energy transfer efficiency. The energy transfer and rate of penetration are key parameters of the percussion drilling. According to the practical application of the percussion drilling, the calculation assumptions, establish the three-dimensional model, define the material properties and element types, meshing, define the contact, apply load are described. The finite element model of that the geophysical prospecting impactor-bit-rock interaction was established. The computer simulation was finished. The results indicate that: the energy transfer efficiency when the impactor piston impacted bit is 73.0%. The depth of that the bit broke the rock is 6.4 mm in one percussion-rotary drill. The impactor piston had radial velocity and displacement during the motion process. Its harm is very big. It should be reduced as much as possible. The results are further useful to extend the applications of the geophysical prospecting impactor and hammer bit.