鲜切生菜加工过程对5种农药残留的影响

本文旨在研究鲜切生菜制备过程中不同处理过程对五种农药残留的影响,并评估农药残留对人体的健康风险。通过开展田间试验研究三种杀虫剂(吡虫啉、虫酰肼、氯氰菊酯)和两种杀菌剂(戊唑醇、嘧菌酯)在模拟商用鲜切生菜处理条件下的耗散情况,采用基于乙腈的乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(Primary secondary amine,PSA)填料分散固相萃取净化,气相色谱-串联质谱和液相色谱-串联质谱分析验证5种农药残留分析方法的可靠性并对农药残留进行检测。结果表明,5种农药残留在用次氯酸钠洗涤后均出现显著性下降(P<0.05),在切、清洗、离心脱水、冷藏保存时鲜切生菜中5种农药的加工因子均低于1,整个处理过程大大降低了农药残留水平。体外模拟胃肠环境下5种农药的生物可给性均未达到50%。不同添加水平下,生物可给性依次为:氯氰菊酯 > 嘧菌酯 > 戊唑醇 > 吡虫啉 > 虫酰肼,结合供试农药的每日容许摄入量(Allowable Daily Intake,ADI)值发现,对人体的健康风险而言,3种杀虫剂中虫酰肼最安全,吡虫啉比氯氰菊酯安全,而杀菌剂嘧菌酯比戊唑醇更安全。通过加工可去除生菜中的农药残留,降低膳食暴露量,对保障消费者的膳食安全具有积极意义。

Effects of Processing on the Disappearance of Pesticide Residues in Fresh-cut Lettuce

The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different treatments on five pesticide residues in the preparation of fresh cut lettuce and to assess the health risk of pesticide residues. A field study was carried out on the dissipation of three insecticides(imidacloprid,tebufenozide,cypermethrin)and two fungicides(tebuconazole,azoxystrobin)during treatment conditions simulating those used for commercial fresh-cut lettuce. A method was developed for the determination of 5 pesticide residues in lettuce by purification of ethylenediamine-N-propyl silane(Primary secondary amine,PSA)filler dispersion solid phase extraction based on acetonitrile,coupled with gas chromatogramphytriple quadrupole mass spectrometry(CG-MS)and liquid chromatogramphytriple quadrupole mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). The results showed that all 5 pesticide residues showed significant decrease in sodium hypochlorite washing(P<0.05). The processing factors of cutting,washing,centrifuging and drying for all 5 pesticide in the whole lettuce were generally less than 1,the whole process has greatly reduced the level of pesticide residues。The bioavailability of these five pesticides in the in vitro simulated environment of gastrointestinal did not reach 50%.At different addition levels,the bioavailability was successively as follows:Cypermethrin>pyrazole>pyrazole>imidacloprid>acylhydrazide. In terms of human health risk,it was found that tebufenozide was the safest among the three insecticides combined with the allowable daily ntake(ADI)value of the tested pesticide,imidacloprid was safer than cypermethrin,and fungicide azoxystrobin was safer than tebuconazole. The conclusion was that the pesticide residues in lettuce could be removed by processing,and the dietary exposure can be reduced,which is of positive significance to ensure the dietary safety of consumers.