天然河湾极限弯曲度

天然河湾是弯曲型河流最显著的地貌单元。河湾形态处在发展变化之中,它通过凹岸侵蚀和凸岸淤积,不断地蠕动和变形,弯曲度持续变大直至自然裁弯。为了探究天然河湾在自然裁弯之前是否存在极限弯曲度,利用Google Earth卫星图像,选取了长江、黑龙江、密西西比河等9条河流(包括支流)的高弯曲度河湾和牛轭湖作为统计样本,定义了河湾及牛轭湖的平面形态参数并予以测算。牛轭湖作为河湾裁弯后的残留河段,其弯曲度对河湾所能达到的极限弯曲度具有参考价值。研究表明在统计意义上天然河湾存在极限弯曲度,河湾发生裁弯时,其极限弯曲度并不趋向无穷大。河湾弯曲度的样本统计近似服从正态分布,初步确定河湾极限弯曲度变化区间10,30]。当河湾的颈口河宽、平均河宽和曲流颈长逐渐变小时,河湾弯曲度均先迅速变小,到达极小值后逐渐趋于稳定。天然河湾形态具有分形几何特征,其分形维数主要集中于区间1.10,1.35]。分形维数和弯曲度描叙河湾几何形态具有一致性,当分形维数增大时,弯曲度随之缓慢变大。

Limit sinuosity for river bends

River bends are the most significant geomorphologic unit of meandering rivers.Bend shape is always changing with the concave bank eroded and the convex bank deposited.The river bends keep creeping and deforming,and its sinuosity continues to enlarge until natural cutoffs happen.In order to explore the existence of limit sinuosity before natural cutoffs,using Google Earth satellite images,high curvature bends and oxbow lakes of the Yangtze River,Heilong River,Mississippi River and other six rivers(including ...