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How To Quantify the Efficiency Potential of Neat Perovskite Films: Perovskite Semiconductors with an Implied Efficiency Exceeding 28% |
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| Authors: | Martin Stolterfoht Max Grischek Pietro Caprioglio Christian M. Wolff Emilio Gutierrez-Partida Francisco Peña-Camargo Daniel Rothhardt Shanshan Zhang Meysam Raoufi Jakob Wolansky Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi Samuel D. Stranks Steve Albrecht Thomas Kirchartz Dieter Neher |
| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476 Germany;2. Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476 Germany Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin, 12489 Germany;3. Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE UK;4. Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK;5. Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin, 12489 Germany Faculty IV – Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, 10587 Germany;6. Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425 Germany Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, Duisburg, 47057 Germany |
| Abstract: | Perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells have demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCE) that are close to those of monocrystalline silicon cells; however, in contrast to silicon PV, perovskites are not limited by Auger recombination under 1-sun illumination. Nevertheless, compared to GaAs and monocrystalline silicon PV, perovskite cells have significantly lower fill factors due to a combination of resistive and non-radiative recombination losses. This necessitates a deeper understanding of the underlying loss mechanisms and in particular the ideality factor of the cell. By measuring the intensity dependence of the external open-circuit voltage and the internal quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS), the transport resistance-free efficiency of the complete cell as well as the efficiency potential of any neat perovskite film with or without attached transport layers are quantified. Moreover, intensity-dependent QFLS measurements on different perovskite compositions allows for disentangling of the impact of the interfaces and the perovskite surface on the non-radiative fill factor and open-circuit voltage loss. It is found that potassium-passivated triple cation perovskite films stand out by their exceptionally high implied PCEs > 28%, which could be achieved with ideal transport layers. Finally, strategies are presented to reduce both the ideality factor and transport losses to push the efficiency to the thermodynamic limit. |
| Keywords: | non-radiative interface recombination perovskite solar cells photoluminescence |