超高压智能数控真三维加载模型试验系统的研制及应用

 随着世界对矿物资源和能源需求的增加，人类地下开采活动不断走向地球深部。为了揭示超深埋地下洞室在高地应力条件下的非线性变形特征与强度破坏机制，采用数控技术和光电装换技术研制了超高压智能数控真三维加载模型试验系统，该系统主要由模型反力架、超高压加载系统、智能液压控制系统、模型位移自动采集系统、高清多探头窥视系统组成。系统额定出力63 MPa、最大加载45 000 kN、加载精度0.05 MPa。通过智能数控技术实现模型超高压真三维梯度非均匀加载；通过光电转换技术实现模型洞室任意部位位移的自动测试，位移测量精度0.001 mm；通过高清多探头窥视系统实时动态观测模型洞室的破坏状况。利用研制的整套模型试验系统对新疆塔河油田超深埋油藏溶洞的成型垮塌破坏过程进行相似材料三维地质力学模型验，揭示出古溶洞成型垮塌破坏模式、非线性变形特征和应力变化规律。通过地质力学模型试验验证超高压智能数控真三维加载模型试验系统的可靠性，该系统在研究超深埋地下洞室的非线性变形破坏机制方面具有广泛的应用前景。

Development and application of ultra high pressure 3D loading model test system with intelligent numerical control function

With the world's increasing demand for mineral resources and energy，the mining activities of human being have entered deep underground. In order to reveal the nonlinear deformation properties and strength failure mechanism of ultra deep cavern under high ground stress，a 3D ultra high pressure loading model test system with intelligent control function was developed by using the numerical control and photoelectric conversion technology. The model test system is composed of a counter-force frame，an ultra high pressure loading system，an intelligent hydraulic control system，an automatic collection system of model displacement and a high definition multi probe peep system. The rated output of the model system is 63 MPa，the maximum load is 45 000 kN and the loading accuracy is 0.05 MPa. The true 3D non-uniform gradient loading at super high pressure is realized with the numerical control technology. The automatic monitoring of the model displacement is realized with the photoelectric conversion technology and the precision of displacement measurement is 0.001 mm. The failure state of the model cavern is observed through the multi probe system of high definition. 3D geomechanical model test of failure of ultra deep oil karst cave in Tahe Oilfield in Xinjiang was carried out by utilizing the model test system. The failure mode，the nonlinear deformation characteristics and the stress variation of the karst cave in the process of formation were effectively revealed. The results of the model test has verified the reliability of the model test system.