Crystallization behavior,ultrahigh power density and high actual discharge energy density of lead-free borate glass-ceramics containing TiO2

This work presents SrO-BaO-Nb₂O₅-B₂O₃-P₂O₅-K₂O-TiO₂ glass-ceramics prepared by controlled crystallization method. The uniformly dense microstructure with fine grains can be achieved by introducing TiO₂. The structural changes were confirmed by the results of SEM and TEM. The 0.5 mol% TiO₂ added glass heated at 750 °C for 2 h demonstrates excellent comprehensive properties of ε_r= 110, BDS = 1408 kV/cm, high energy storage efficiency (η) of 92% and energy storage density of 9.65 J/cm³. The as-prepared glass-ceramic exhibits ultrahigh power density (86.21 MW/cm³), actual discharge energy density (1.00 J/cm³) and excellent temperature stability. These findings qualify this environment-friendly glass-ceramics as one potential candidate for energy storage applications, especially in high power and pulsed power system field.