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Nanostructured Guidance for Peripheral Nerve Injuries: A Review with a Perspective in the Oral and Maxillofacial Area
Authors:Stefano Sivolella  Giulia Brunello  Nadia Ferrarese  Alessandro Della Puppa  Domenico D’Avella  Eriberto Bressan  Barbara Zavan
Affiliation:1.Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Clinical Dentistry,University of Padova, Via Venezia, 90, 35129 Padova, Italy; E-Mails: (S.S.); (G.B.); (N.F.); (E.B.);2.Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 5, 35128 Padua, Italy; E-Mails: (A.D.P.); (D.D.);3.Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy
Abstract:Injury to peripheral nerves can occur as a result of various surgical procedures, including oral and maxillofacial surgery. In the case of nerve transaction, the gold standard treatment is the end-to-end reconnection of the two nerve stumps. When it cannot be performed, the actual strategies consist of the positioning of a nerve graft between the two stumps. Guided nerve regeneration using nano-structured scaffolds is a promising strategy to promote axon regeneration. Biodegradable electrospun conduits composed of aligned nanofibers is a new class of devices used to improve neurite extension and axon outgrowth. Self assembled peptide nanofibrous scaffolds (SAPNSs) demonstrated promising results in animal models for central nervous system injuries, and, more recently, for peripheral nerve injury. Aims of this work are (1) to review electrospun and self-assembled nanofibrous scaffolds use in vitro and in vivo for peripheral nerve regeneration; and (2) its application in peripheral nerve injuries treatment. The review focused on nanofibrous scaffolds with a diameter of less than approximately 250 nm. The conjugation in a nano scale of a natural bioactive factor with a resorbable synthetic or natural material may represent the best compromise providing both biological and mechanical cues for guided nerve regeneration. Injured peripheral nerves, such as trigeminal and facial, may benefit from these treatments.
Keywords:nanofiber   scaffold   nerve regeneration   electrospinning   self-assembly   SAPNS
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