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老化对TNT基熔铸炸药性能的影响
引用本文:牛国涛,郝竞,金大勇,张冬梅,牛磊,曹少庭.老化对TNT基熔铸炸药性能的影响[J].火炸药学报,2016(3):48-52.
作者姓名:牛国涛  郝竞  金大勇  张冬梅  牛磊  曹少庭
作者单位:1. 西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安,710065;2. 78020部队,云南昆明,650223
摘    要:为了研究老化对炸药性能的影响,对自然贮存的3种熔铸炸药TNT/RDX、TNT/RDX/Al和 TNT/HMX/Al进行了加速老化试验。通过扫描电镜、真空安定性试验研究了老化前后3种炸药的微观形貌和安全性能,并测试了老化前后3种炸药的感度和爆速。结果表明,老化后炸药颜色变深,体积膨胀,质量变轻。样品的放气量小于2 mL/g ,热感度变化也较小。机械感度的变化与炸药组分和老化方式有关。TNT/RDX的爆速随着贮存时间的增加而降低,与整体加速老化情况一致,TNT/RDX/Al和 TNT/HMX/Al的爆热随贮存时间的增加变化趋势相反,说明两者老化机理可能不同。

关 键 词:TNT基熔铸炸药  自然老化  加速老化  性能变化  寿命评估

Effect of Aging on the Performances of TNT Based Melt-cast Explosives
Abstract:To research the effect of aging on the explosive performances ,the accelerated aging test of three kinds of melt‐cast ex‐plosives TNT/RDX ,TNT/RDX/Al and TNT/HMX/Al stockpiled for a period of time were carried out .The micro morphology and safety properties of these explosives before and after aging were studied by scanning electron microscopy and vacuum stability test (VST) .The mechanical sensitivities and detonation velocities of these explosives before and after aging were tested .The re‐sults show that after aging ,the color of explosives becomes dark ,the volume is expanded ,and the mass is decreased .The amount of evolved gas of samples is less than 2mL/g .The thermal sensitivity of samples also has smaller change .The change in mechanical sensitivity is related to the components and aging mode of explosive .For the TNT/RDX ,the detonation velocity gradually decrea‐ses with increasing the storage time ,which is consistent with that of overall accelerated aging .The change trend of heat of detona‐tion with increasing the storage time for the TNT/RDX/Al and TNT/HMX/Al is opposite ,revealing that the aging mechanism may be different .
Keywords:TNT based melt-cast explosive  natural aging  accelerated aging  performance change  life assessment
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