冷链物流系统碳足迹模型构建与实证分析

为系统衡量冷链物流的碳足迹问题,本文提出了一种计算冷链物流碳足迹的系统方法并构建了冷链物流系统碳足迹模型。研究以香蕉全程冷链物流碳足迹问题展开实证分析,采用生命周期评估法、投入产出法、碳排放系数法界定冷链物流不同流通环节碳足迹的核算范围,测算了生产、采收处理、预冷及冷藏运输、贮藏、配送作业和终端销售等各环节所产生的碳足迹;运用实际案例对模型优化求解。在本案例中,当系统总成本为354.74万元,对应的系统总碳足迹为148.62 t;当系统总成本为369.21万元时,对应的系统总碳足迹为145.21 t。对冷链物流碳足迹进行敏感性分析,结果表明:碳税的增加能使系统总成本最大程度增加0.8%,而腐损率的上升可使系统总成本和碳足迹以相同的趋势增加约35%,说明该模型可有效测算冷链物流活动中的碳足迹。

Carbon Footprint of Cold Chain System and a Case Analysis

In order to measure the carbon emissions of cold-chain logistics systems, a systematic method for calculating the carbon footprint of cold-chain logistics was proposed and a carbon footprint model for cold chain logistics system was constructed in this study. An empirical analysis of the carbon footprint of cold chain logistics was carried out throughout the course of bananas. The life-cycle assessment, input-output, and carbon emission coefficient methods were used to define the scope of the carbon footprint accounting for different circulation links of cold chain logistics, and the produce and harvest processing were measured. Carbon emissions from various links such as precooling and refrigerated transportation, storage, distribution operations, and terminal sales are calculated. Under the condition of setting parameters, the total system cost is 3.5474 million yuan, and the total amount of carbon emissions is 148.62 tons; when the total cost of the system is 3.6921 million yuan, the corresponding total system carbon emissions are 145.21 tons. After a sensitivity analysis of the carbon footprint of the cold chain logistics, the increase in the carbon tax can increase the total cost of the system by a maximum of 0.8%, while an increase in the corruption rate can increase the total system cost and carbon footprint by nearly 35% in the same trend. The research shows that this model can effectively measure the carbon footprint in cold chain logistics activities.