Increased In Vitro and In Vivo Digestibility of Soy Proteins by Chemical Modification of Disulfide Bonds |
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Authors: | H Wang R J Faris Tong Wang M E Spurlock N Gabler |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, Ames, IA 50011-1061, USA;(2) Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, Ames, IA 50011-1061, USA;(3) Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 201 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA; |
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Abstract: | To improve protein digestibility of aqueously extracted soy proteins, an effective chemical treatment under mild conditions
is needed. Soy proteins, including storage protein glycinin and antinutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors, are rich
in disulfide bonds. Reduction of these disulfide bonds by incubating soy proteins with sodium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite
at 55 °C showed no net increase of free sulfhydryl groups after dialysis to remove the residual reducing agent. However, the
in vitro digestibility measured by trypsin hydrolysis using the pH-Stat method was significantly increased. Sodium metabisulfite
(SMBS) was more effective in increasing in vitro digestibility than sodium sulfite at the same molar concentration. The digestibility
of soy protein treated by 0.5 mmol SMBS/g soy flour at 55 °C was more than doubled compared to that of the control without
reduction treatment. Large-scale testing of soy proteins treated with SMBS for an in vivo animal feeding study showed similar
in vitro digestibility by trypsin, e.g., the degree of hydrolysis of the treated sample was 8.5% compared to 1.6% of the control.
These soy proteins were further evaluated using a chick growth model. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased by 57%
when the chicks fed SMBS-treated soy were compared to the chicks fed raw soy flour. SMBS-fed chicks did not display any pancreatic
hypertrophy compared to those fed with raw soy control. These results indicate that there is great potential to use safe chemicals
and mild temperature to inactivate the antinutritional factors in soybeans and thus improve digestibility of soy proteins
that are extracted with low-temperature aqueous process. |
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