Optimization of pretreatment of Jatropha oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production |
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Authors: | Supriyono SUWITO Giuliano DRAGONE Hary SULISTYO Bardi MURACHMAN Suryo PURWONO José TEIXEIRA |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; 2. Chemical Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia |
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Abstract: | A central composite rotatable design and response surface methodology were used in order to investigate the individual and combined effects of the ethanol-to-oil ratio, H2SO4 concentration, temperature and time of reaction on the reduction of free fatty acid (FFA) in jatropha oil. A quadratic polynomial model relating the reaction variables with FFA reduction was developed, presenting a good coefficient of determination (R2= 0.893). For reducing FFA to less than 1%, the optimal combination was found to be 0.62 v·v-1 ethanol-to-oil ratio (14.9 v·v-1 ethanol-to-FFA ratio), 1.7% v·v-1 H2SO4 concentration, and 79 min reaction time at a reaction temperature of 54°C. These results are of great relevance to maximize methyl esters formation by transesterification using an alkaline catalyst. |
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Keywords: | biodiesel biofuel esterification free fatty acids jatropha curcas oil |
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