溶胶-凝胶法制备太阳光谱选择性吸收薄膜的研究进展

从太阳光谱选择性吸收薄膜的作用原理、吸收材料和膜系结构特点出发,结合实际工作,综述近年来溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米颗粒-电介质复合材料型和尖晶石结构过渡金属氧化物型两类太阳光谱选择性吸收薄膜的研究进展,并探讨目前存在的问题及今后研究的方向。与以溅射为代表的现代气相沉积技术制备薄膜相比,溶胶-凝胶法制备的这两类薄膜具有与之相当的光学性能（吸收率α0.90,发射率ε〈0.10）和优异的湿热稳定性,同时还具有工艺简便、设备要求低以及易于大面积制膜等优点;但是溶胶-凝胶法引入了溶液中的化学反应,组分间的兼容性以及化学反应的特异性使得难以通过简单变换化学组分获得种类繁多的薄膜,因而目前溶胶-凝胶法制备的太阳光谱选择性吸收薄膜还局限在少数材料上。

Development on Solar Selective Absorbing Coatings Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

Recent developments on the preparation of solar selective absorbing coatings based on nanoparticle-dielectric composite materials and black-colored transition-metal oxides with spinel structure by sol-gel method,and their composition and structure fea-tures were reviewed.The existing problems were discussed and the development prospects were expected.Compared to the coatings prepared by sputtering technique,the coatings performed by the sol-gel method have almost equivalent optical properties(i.e.,solar absorptance,0.90 and thermal emittance,ε < 0.10) and excellent thermal stability and humidity resistance.Moreover,the sol-gel method is simple in technology,does not demand sophisticated equipments and is easy to perform the coatings in a large scale.How-ever,it is difficult for the sol-gel method to obtain a variety of coatings only via the alteration of chemical components due to the compatibility among components and the specificity in chemical reactions.Therefore,there are only a few materials for the prepara-tion of the solar selective absorbing coatings by the sol-gel method so far.