基于优化组合方案的梯级水库泄洪闸门数字化及其应用

水库防洪优化调度不仅能减少洪水灾害，而且还能实现洪水资源化，提高水库的运行效率。但是以往的流域梯级水库的联合防洪调度研究往往只计算水库泄洪流量过程，没有考虑泄洪闸门的具体操作情况。根据闸门运行要求，总结水电站的闸门启闭条件，并制定泄洪闸门数字化表格。闸门数字化表格用来解决闸门泄流的约束问题，数字化表格过程需要计算若干个子单元，每个单元为计算在给定的水位下，由特定的流量范围内的闸门组合组成，每个单元里面有多种不同类型的组合方式，每种组合方式下有多个代表性闸门组合。应用数字化表格可依据水电站的期望下泄流量，采用二分法搜寻闸门组合方案，选取闸门开度离差平方和最小和闸门开度变化个数最少作为目标函数，并对闸门下泄流量与多步骤逐步优化算法计算的流量间的误差进行修正，进行水电站泄流量实时分配，更快速准确地对闸门开度进行调整。结合某流域下游梯级水库洪水优化调度进行了实例计算，考虑闸门运行的防洪优化调度的下泄流量较原电站实际运行的下泄流量均匀，并且通过对相邻两时段闸门开度的比较和优化，减少了电站闸门开启次数，获得的优化调度闸门运行优于实际调度情况，结果表明泄洪闸门数字化表格方法正确。

Digitization of Floodgates for Cascade Reservoir Based on Optimum Combination Scheme and Its Application

The optimal dispatching for flood control of reservoir can reduce floods, achieve floodwater utilization and improve the operating efficiency of reservoirs. However, the previous studies on combined flood control dispatching of cascade reservoirs only give calculation of flood discharge capacity of reservoirs without consideration of the specific opening of gates. The gate opening and closing conditions of hydropower stations are summarized and the digital forms of flood discharge gates are prepared in accordance with the operation requirements of gates. The digital forms of gates are used to solve the constraints of flood discharge of gates. The preparation of digital forms requires calculation of several sub-units, each of which is composed of gate combinations within a specific range of flow rate at a given water level. Each unit contains a number of different ways of combination, each of which includes a number of representative gate combinations. The application of digital forms can depends on the expected let-down flow rate of hydropower stations. Dichotomy can be used to seek for gate combination scheme, and the minimum sum of squares of deviations of gate opening and the minimum change of gate opening can be used as the objective functions. Correction can be made to the error between the let-down flow rate of gate and the flow rate calculated with the multi-step progressive optimality algorithm so as to make real-time allocation for the flood discharge capacity of hydropower stations and adjust the gate opening in a quicker and more accurate way. A sample calculation has been conducted based on the optimal dispatching for flood control of cascade reservoirs at the downstream of a river basin. The opening times of gate of hydropower stations are reduced after giving consideration to the fact that the let-down flow rate of optimal dispatching for flood control of gates in operation is more uniform than that of the original hydropower stationin actual operation and through comparison and optimization of the gate openings in two adjacent time intervals, thus obtaining the optimal dispatching of gates in operation superior to the actual dispatching. The results indicate that the method using digital forms of flood discharge gates is correct.