农田控制排水与补充灌溉对作物产量和排水量影响的模拟分析

农田控制排水是减少硝态氮流失最直接有效的方法之一。本文利用典型涝渍区-淮北平原砂姜黑土地区实测土壤、气象、作物等资料，用DRAINMOD模型进行了长序列模拟分析，结果显示在当地气象条件下，干旱是影响冬小麦产量的主要因素，而涝渍则是影响棉花产量的主要因素。补充灌溉条件下，采用传统排水与控制排水两种措施的模拟结果显示，灌溉可使冬小麦产量得到大幅提高，但对棉花产量的影响不大。采取控制排水措施后，地下排水量大大减少，排水总量也显著降低，从而有利于区域水质的保护。

Analysis on the effect of controlled drainage and supplemental irrigation on crop yield and drainage

The effect of controlled drainage and supplemental irrigation on crop yield and drainage reduction in a vertisol soil district of Huaibei Plain in China was simulated with the field hydrology model DRAINMO. The results show that wheat yield is affected by drought stress and cotton is affected by wet stress. Under the condition of supplemental irrigation, the simulation results of both conventional and controlled drainage show that wheat yield increases remarkably but the yield of cotton is affected a little. Under the condition of controlled drainage, the predicted total volume of drainage water decreases significantly due to raising of water table and increasing of ET. This is beneficial for water quality protection of the irrigated district.