The influence of valence, instrumentality, and expectancy on effort and performance.

Used survey methodology to test an expectancy-valence model of work motivation with 70 male and 76 female Post Office employees in a training program to sort mail. The model predicted self-reported effort fairly well, but correlations with supervisory ratings of effort and performance were lower. Of the 3 components of the model, valence of job outcomes was by far the best single predictor. Support was given to 1 of the 2 multiplicative relationships posited by the model. Implications for future testing of expectancy-valence models with survey methodology are discussed, especially for the measurement of instrumentality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)