旋转导向钻井工具的研制原理

介绍了旋转导向钻井工具的工作原理及结构,指出了研制该工具的主要技术特点。旋转导向钻井工具主要由稳定平台单元、工作液控制分配单元和偏置执行机构单元3部分组成,其测试元件将测得的井眼参数通过短程通讯传输到随钻测量仪,再由随钻测量仪将信息传输到地面。同时,旋转导向钻井工具接收由地面发出的指令,并通过稳定平台单元调控工作液来控制分配单元中的上盘阀高压孔的位置。工作液控制分配单元将过滤后的泥浆依次分配到3个柱塞,给推板提供推靠动力,并使该推靠力的合力方向始终保持在上盘阀高压孔所对应的位置,在近钻头处形成拍打井壁的侧向力。通过对侧向力的大小、方向和拍打频率的调整,可直接控制该工具的导向状态。

Mechanism of rotary steering drilling tool

The working principle and structure of a rotary steering drilling tool are introduced. The main technical properties of the tool are described. The tool mainly includes three parts：①unit of stabilization platform；②unit for controlling and assigning working liquid；③unit of Push-the-Bit working structure. The wellbore data can be transmitted to measurement while drilling (MWD) unit from the test component in the tool through a short distance communication component and then transmitted to the instrument on ground by MWD unit. At the same time，the receiver in the component receives the instruction from the instrument on ground，and then control the high-pressure hole located on the upper plate hose by controlling and assigning working liquid with a controller in the stabilization platform unit. The unit for controlling and assigning working liquid takes the filtered mud as the working liquid distributed in three mud pipes in turn. The mud provides the“pad” with a motive force and maintains the direction of the join force on the position in accord with the high-pressure hole on the upper valve all the time. Thus there will form a side force near the bit flapping the wall of the well. The adjustment of the size and direction of the side force acted on the wall and the flapping frequency could directly control the steering state of the drilling tool.