可调负荷参与多级电网实时调控：关键技术与工程应用

随着可再生能源和新型用电负荷的快速发展，源-荷双侧不确定性逐步增加，给电网调峰调频带来了更大挑战。因此，亟需将可调负荷纳入实时调度范畴，提升电网运行平衡和调节能力。首先，分析了将可调负荷作为自动发电控制对象的可行性。然后，以电动汽车参与电网调频为应用场景，提出了可调负荷参与多级电网实时调控的系统架构。通过构建安全接入区、应用多元负荷调控终端等关键技术，实现了多级调度对可调负荷实时感知和秒级控制，将负荷参与电网调节的响应速度由分钟级提升至秒级。通过西南电网源网荷储多级协同调控示范工程实践，验证了所提技术路线的有效性和优越性。最后，针对大规模可调负荷常态化参与电网实时调控，提出了研究方向和发展建议。

Adjustable load participating in real-time dispatching and control of a multi-lever power grid: key technology and engineering application

With the rapid development of renewable energy and new-type electrical load, the uncertainty of both sides on the source and load increases. This brings more challenges to the power grid peaking regulation and frequency control. Therefore, it is important and urgent to bring adjustable load into the real-time dispatching area to improve the operational balance and regulation capacity of the power grid. First, the feasibility of taking the adjustable load as the control object of automatic generation control (AGC) is analyzed. Then, taking electric vehicles into power grid frequency control as the application scenario, the system architecture of adjustable load participating in multi-level power grid real-time regulation is proposed. Through the construction of a security access area, the application of multiple load regulation terminals and other key technologies, real-time perception and adjustable load second-level control by a multi-level dispatching center are introduced. This increases the response speed of load participating in the power grid regulation from the minute to second level. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed technical route are verified through a demonstration project of source-grid-load-storage multi-level coordinated dispatching and control in the Southwest China Power Grid. Finally, further research directions and development suggestions are put forward for the large-scale adjustable load normally participating in the real-time dispatching and control of the power grid. This work is supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China (No. 5400- 202027212A-0-0-00).