A numerical study of atrium fires using deterministic models |
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| Affiliation: | 1. LRPI Laboratory, Institute of Health and Industrial Safety, University of Batna 2 – Mostefa Ben Boulaïd, Fesdis, 05078 Batna, Algeria;2. DIRE Laboratory, Department of Applied Engineering, Institute of Technology, Kasdi Merbah University – Ouargla, 30000 Ouargla, Algeria;3. INSA Centre Val de Loire, Univ. Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, F-18022 Bourges, France;4. LSPIE Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, University of Batna 2 – Mostefa Ben Boulaïd, Fesdis, 05078 Batna, Algeria;1. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LEMTA, F-54000, Nancy, France;2. Université Paris-Est, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), 84 avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs-sur-marne, 77447, Marne-la-Vallée, France;3. Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000, Ghent, Belgium;4. Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK;1. School of Environment Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing, 100012, PR China;3. School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;4. Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute, 3447 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200125, China |
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| Abstract: | The smoke filling process for the three types of atrium space containing a fire source are simulated using the two types of deterministic fire model; zone model and field model. The zone model used in this simulation is CFAST (Version 3.1) developed at the Building and Fire Research Laboratories, NIST in the USA. The field model is a self-developed CFD model based on full consideration of the compressibility and k–ε modeling for the turbulence. This article is focused on finding out the smoke movement and temperature distribution in atrium spaces. A computational procedure for predicting velocity and temperature distribution in fire-induced flow is based on the solution of three-dimensional Navier–Stokes conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy, species etc. using a finite volume method and non-staggered grid system. Since air is entrained from the bottom of the plume, total mass flow in the plume continuously increases. Also, the ceiling jet continuously decreases in temperature, smoke concentration and velocity; and increase in thickness with increasing radius. The fire models, i.e. zone models and field models, predicted similar results for the smoke layer temperature and the smoke layer interface heights. This is important in fire safety, and it can be considered that the required safe egress time in three types of atrium used, in this paper is about 5 min. |
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