地震-地质综合研究方法述评

在油气勘探技术的发展过程中,地震技术和地质思维方式不断结合,相继产生了地震地层学、层序地层学和地震沉积学。地震地层学探索地震反射相位与地质层位、沉积相之间的关系;层序地层学分析地震反射特征与地质构造、岩石沉积的成因联系;地震沉积学是一门新兴的综合研究方法,尝试寻找地震特殊处理与解释、地震特征属性与地层沉积特征的内在联系。油气勘探技术的发展趋势将主要使用地震第三级特征属性,尝试进行地震储层、流体地震识别的研究。文中从基本概念、基本原理、研究方法和地震-地质综合解释4方面进行了综合阐述,并对其主要在陆相湖盆的应用进行对比分析,进而分析出地震-地质综合研究技术与方法的发展趋势。

Review of comprehensive study methods for seismics-geology

During the development of oil and gas exploration technology,seismic stratigraphy,sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology have been successively developed based on the combination of seismic techniques and geology.Seismic stratigraphy is used to discovery the relationships among seismic reflection phase and geologic horizon and sedimentary facies.The sequence stratigraphy is applied to analyze the genetic relationships among seismic reflection characteristics and geological structure,rock deposit.Being a new research method,seismic sedimentology is adopted to find the inherence relations existing among special seismic processing,interpretation,seismic attributes and sedimentary characteristics.A development tendency of oil and gas exploration is to apply the third-order seismic attributes to identify the seismic reservoirs and fluids.The basic concept,basic principle,methods and seismics-geology integrated interpretation are comprehensively expounded,and the applications in continental lacustrine basins are analyzed.As a result,the development tendencyofcomprehensive technologyand methods for seismics-geologyis proposed.