Characterization of Carnauba Wax Inorganic Content |
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Authors: | Allan N de S Dantas Ticiane A Magalhães Wladiana O Matos Sandro T Gouveia Gisele S Lopes |
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Affiliation: | 1. Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico‐Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, , Fortaleza, CE, Brazil;2. Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte‐IFRN, , Nova Cruz, RN, Brazil |
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Abstract: | In this work the analysis of inorganic elements (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn) in different types of carnauba waxes (types 1, 3 and 4) was implemented. The Box‐Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the digestion of the carnauba wax sample using a microwave‐assisted approach. The following parameters were evaluated: microwave power applied (600–1,000 W), time of microwave power application (5–20 min) and nitric acid volume (1–4 mL). The residual carbon content (%RCC) was measured by ICP OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) to evaluate the efficiency of the digestion. The %RCC values in all of the experiments were below 16 %. The best conditions for carnauba wax digestion were found: 800 W applied power for 15 min using 2.5 mL of HNO3. In these conditions the %RCC was lower than 4 %. The amounts of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn in these samples were determined by ICP OES. The average contents of Al, Ca, Fe and K found in the carnauba wax type 1 were 28.6 ± 1.5, 33.8 ± 2.8, 18.5 ± 1.1 and 37.2 ± 2.5 mg kg?1, respectively. For carnauba wax types 3 and 4 larger amounts were found. The principal components analysis (PCA) showed three groups of carnauba wax with the first two principal components. |
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Keywords: | Carnauba waxes Sample preparation Elemental analysis ICP OES |
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