形状记忆合金弹热制冷效应的研究现状

弹热制冷效应是利用固-固相变潜热的交替吸收和释放,实现制冷,具有能效高、温变较大和无制冷剂等特点,是非气-液压缩制冷首选技术。与磁热和电热制冷相比,弹热制冷具有成本低、制冷幅度大及效能高等优点。弹热效应所采用的材料主要为形状记忆合金,也成为该类合金近十来年的研究热点。本文概述了弹热效应的制冷机理及测量方法,归纳总结了Ti-Ni基、铜基、铁基以及Heusler型形状记忆合金体系作为弹热制冷材料的研究现状、潜力及尚存在的问题,并对形状记忆合金弹热制冷材料的应用进行了展望。

Research Progress in Elastocaloric Cooling Effect Basing on Shape Memory Alloy

Elastocaloric refrigeration is characterized by a high energy efficiency and drastic temperature change,and it requires no refrigerant.It is the best candidate for the non-gas-liquid compression refrigeration technology,which has the advantage of alternate absorption and release of latent heat during solid-solid phase transformation to realize refrigeration.Compared with the magnetocaloric and electrocaloric refrigeration,elastocaloric refrigeration exhibits advantages such as low cost,high cooling rate,and high efficiency.Elastocaloric refrigeration mainly employs shape memory alloys,which have been a research focus in the past decades.This study describes the mechanism and test methods of the elastocaloric effect and summarizes the research progress as well as challenges in the Ti-Ni-based,Cu-based,Fe-based,and Heusler-type shape-memory alloys as elastocaloric materials.Furthermore,a brief perspective on research directions of the elastocaloric effect based on shape memory alloys is presented herein.