Prognostic factors in bladder cancer

Prognostic factors in bladder cancer are used to determine the prognosis of patients and select the method of treatment. Clinical stage, the number of tumors, size of the main tumor, mode of proliferation, cell type, histological grade, histological stage, mode of spread, and intramural lymphatic and venous invasion are well-known prognostic factors. They are closely related to survival or the disease-free interval. Most prognostic factors are histopathological findings. Now, study of new prognostic factors in bladder cancer related to molecular biological or immunohistochemical technique is ongoing.