Flotation of pyrochlore from low grade carbonatite gravity tailings with benzohydroxamic acid |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen’s University, Goodwin Hall, 25 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;2. SGS Canada Inc., 185 Concession Street, PO Box 4300, Lakefield, Ontario K0L 2H0, Canada;1. School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;1. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Unidad Saltillo, Mexico;2. Departament of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, P.O. Box 110-V, Valparaiso, Chile;3. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. Lic Adolfo López Mateos, Nueva Rosita, Coahuila, Mexico;1. Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan;2. Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan;3. New Technologies e Research Center, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic;4. Institute of Optoelectronics and Measuring Systems, Electrical Engineering Department, Czestochowa University of Technology, ArmiiKrajowej 17, PL-42201, Czestochowa, Poland;5. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia;6. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia;7. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia;1. State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou 014030, PR China;2. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China;3. Liaoning Key Laboratory of Recycling Science for Metallurgical Resources, Shenyang 110819, PR China;1. Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria West 0183, South Africa;2. Materials Science and Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220002, Nigeria;3. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka 100213, Nigeria |
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| Abstract: | The beneficiation of a low grade niobium tailings by flotation using benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) as a collector and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as a modifying agent has been studied. A concentrate containing approximately 3% Nb2O5 (with an upgrade ratio of 12) was obtained with nearly 80% Nb recovery in 6.5% of the mass after only one rougher flotation stage. After four rougher stages, a final concentrate containing 1.54% Nb2O5 with 93% Nb recovery in ∼15% of the mass was obtained. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to analyze the effects of collector dose and dispersant dose and pulp temperature and to model the concentrate grade and niobium recovery during rougher–scavenger flotation. The results indicate that temperature has no significant effect on recovery at the 95% or 90% confidence level. Statistical insignificance of the temperature effect has been attributed to the collector mechanism, which essentially does not require BHA species beyond a maximum monolayer capacity that is potentially achievable within the solubility limit at room temperature. SHMP plays an important role in the selective recovery of pyrochlore. Its dispersing function is distinguished from its depressing function in the rougher stages through a positive interaction term together with BHA in both the recovery model and the grade model. The main negative effect of SHMP on niobium recovery emerges in the scavenger stages as a result of depressing action (e.g., targeting primarily the middlings). The effect of reagent dose and temperature on the grade and recovery are presented using 3D graphs from statistical models developed. Negative quadratic terms of the statistical models are discussed in reference to possible overdosing of SHMP on the middlings (involving pyrochlore and gangue) as well as a postulated change of orientation mode of BHA, also due to its overdosing. |
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| Keywords: | Flotation Pyrochlore Niobium Benzohydroxamic acid |
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