虚拟电厂运营商与电动汽车用户的主从博弈定价策略

如何制定虚拟电厂运营商的售电价格及购售电策略，实现与电动汽车用户的双赢，是目前研究的热点。基于此，提出了以虚拟电厂作为售电运营商参与电动汽车有序充电管理的主从博弈模型，其中运营商通过主从博弈制定合理的售电价格引导电动汽车有序充电，并协调各类分布式资源参与电力市场。计及风电出力的波动性和常规负荷的不确定性，在建模中引入了条件风险价值理论。模型通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件和对偶理论转化为混合整数线性规划问题准确求解。最后在算例中验证了建模方法的有效性，给出了虚拟电厂运营商的最优定价策略及内部出力计划，且分析了不同电动汽车比例、储能最大容量、风险偏好系数对最优解的影响，为虚拟电厂运营商提高收益提供了优化思路 。

Stackelberg game pricing strategy between virtual power plant operators and electric vehicle users

How to formulate the electricity sales price and electricity purchase and sales strategy of virtual power plant operators to achieve a win-win situation with electric vehicle users is a hot research topic at present. Based on this, this paper proposes a Stackelberg game model in which a virtual power plant with electric vehicles is used as the electricity sales operator to participate in the orderly charging management of electric vehicles and coordinate various distributed resources participate in the electricity market. At the same time, in view of the uncertainty of wind turbine output and conventional load in virtual power plants, the conditional value-at-risk theory is introduced. Then, the model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem solved by Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions and dual theory. Finally, the validity of the modeling method is verified in a numerical example, the optimal pricing strategy and internal output plan of the virtual power plant operator are given, and the optimal relationship between different proportions of electric vehicles, maximum energy storage capacity, and risk preference coefficient is analyzed which provides optimization ideas for operators to improve revenue.