提取方式对接骨木籽油品质的影响

目的：比较冷榨法、索式提取法、亚临界丁烷萃取法对接骨木籽油得率、理化指标、脂肪酸组成以及体外抗氧化活性的影响。方法：以接骨木籽为原料，采用冷榨法、索式提取法和亚临界丁烷萃取法3种方式提取接骨木籽油，参考国家标准测定其理化指标与体外抗氧化活性，并利用GC-MS联用技术分析其脂肪酸组成。结果：3种提取方式中，亚临界丁烷萃取法的得油率最高(28.8%)，索式提取法次之(27.6%)，冷榨法最低(18.8%)；亚临界丁烷萃取法所得的接骨木籽油的酸价和过氧化值最低，碘值最高；3种不同提取方式所得的接骨木籽油脂肪酸组成相似，主要成分为亚麻酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸，但含量存在一定差异，亚临界丁烷萃取法所得的接骨木籽油的亚麻酸含量最高，为46.94%；3种提取方式所得的接骨木籽油均具有良好的抗氧化活性，但亚临界丁烷萃取法的DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除能力高于冷榨法与索式提取法。结论：不同提取方法对接骨木籽油的品质存在一定影响，亚临界丁烷萃取法对接骨木籽油有较高提取率，所得油脂品质较好，是提取接骨木籽油的理想方法。

Effects of extraction methods on the quality of elderberry seed oil

Objective:This study aimed to compare the effects of different extraction methods including cold pressing extraction, soxhlet extraction and subcritical butane extraction on the yield, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of elderberry seed oil.Methods:Elderberry seed oils were extracted from elderberry seed by cold pressing extraction, soxhlet extraction and subcritical butane extraction. The physicochemical parameters and in vitro antioxidant activity of oil were determined with reference to national standards, and the fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC-MS.Results:Among the three extraction methods, the highest oil yield was obtained by subcritical butane extraction (28.8%), followed by soxhlet extraction (27.6%) and cold pressing extraction (18.8%). The acid value and peroxide value of elderberry seed oil obtained by subcritical butane extraction were the lowest, and its iodine value was the highest, compared to other methods. The fatty acid composition of elderberry seed oils obtained from the three extraction methods were similar, mainly including linolenic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid, whereas the contents were different, with the highest linolenic acid content (46.94%) in the elderberry seed oil obtained by subcritical butane extraction. The elderberry oils obtained by three extraction methods had good antioxidant activity, and the elderberry oils obtained by subcritical butane extraction had the strongest scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals.Conclusion:Different extraction methods had certain influence on the quality of elderberry seed oil, and subcritical butane extraction had good effect on extraction rate and quality of elderberry seed oil, which was an ideal method for the extraction of elderberry seed oil.