基于动静组合加载力学试验的深部开采岩石力学研究进展与展望

深部围岩开采前处于高静应力状态,开采(开挖)过程中不可避免承受机械或爆破开挖带来的开采扰动、卸载扰动以及应力调整扰动作用,属于典型的动静组合受力状态。用动静组合加载力学研究深部开采岩石力学问题更加符合深部围岩开采的实际情况。从深部围岩开采受力全过程出发,介绍了"岩石动静组合力学"概念和试验研究的提出过程,阐述了岩石动静组合力学试验研究从一维状态到二维状态再到三维状态的发展历程,并重点介绍了真三轴动静组合加载岩石力学试验系统的研制情况和取得的研究进展。根据对深部开采岩石力学科学认识的不断深入,结合动静组合加载岩石力学试验相关研究结果,揭示了深部岩石在各种动静组合受力状态下的力学响应、破坏特征以及能量规律,科学再现并解释了岩爆、板裂及冲击地压等非常规岩石破坏现象和机理。在此基础上,系统总结了真三轴动静组合加载岩石力学试验机的共同特点,并提出了未来研究的4个重点发展方向:(1)发展能实现"三维高静应力+卸载+冲击扰动"功能的真三轴SHPB动静组合加载试验机;(2)发展大尺寸岩石内部卸荷真三轴试验机;(3)基于三维动静组合加载岩石力学试验聚焦深部围岩发生岩爆灾害的能量机理;(4)开展深部原位保真取芯的三维动静组合加载岩石力学试验。

Research progress and prospect of deep mining rock mechanics based on coupled static-dynamic loading testing

Deep surrounding rocks are highly statically stressed before mining(excavating)and will inevitably experience disturbances from unloading,mining,stress adjustment or their combinations during mechanical or blasting excavation,which actually suffer from a typical coupled static-dynamic stress.Studying deep mining rock behaviors from the perspective of coupled static-dynamic mechanics is more accordant with the practical stress conditions of deep surrounding rocks.In view of this,the concept of"coupled static-dynamic rock mechanics"and the history of experimental research on coupled static-dynamic rock mechanics from one-to two-dimensional state and then to three-dimensional state are presented,focusing on the development and advances in the development of the true triaxial coupled static-dynamic rock mechanics test system.Based on an in-depth and scientific understanding of deep mining rock mechanics,the mechanical response,failure characteristics and energy laws of deep rocks under various coupled static-dynamic stress states are revealed,and some abnormal rock failure phenomena such as rockburst and spalling are reproduced and their occurrence mechanisms are revealed in accordance with the related experimental results.On this basis,the common characteristics of the true triaxial coupled static-dynamic rock mechanics testing machines are summarized systematically.Four development directions of future research are also proposed:(1)Developing the true triaxial SHPB coupled dynamic and static loading testing machine that can realize the function of"three-dimensional high static stress+unloading+impact disturbance";(2)Developing a large scale rock internal unloading true triaxial testing machine;(3)Focusing on the energy mechanism of rock burst in deep surrounding rock three-dimensional coupled dynamic and static loading rock mechanics tests;and(4)Carrying out three-dimensional coupled dynamic and static loading rock mechanics tests based on deep in-situ coring technology.