深部矿产资源开采矿井建设模式及其关键技术

深部矿产资源开采是我国资源持续供给和保障经济高速发展的重要物质支撑,井巷工程作为进入深部开采的安全通道是进入深部开采的咽喉,因此,深部矿井建设关键技术是实现深部矿产资源开采的重要技术支撑。基于深部矿产开采矿井工程设计与装备制造先行的理念,深部矿井建设模式、优化设计与理论、矿井建设技术与智能装备、智能监控技术体系、矿井建设与生态环境互馈等方面亟待取得突破。系统分析了矿井赋存地质条件探查、数据融合反演与透明化重构技术及其亟待攻克的科学问题;梳理了深部矿井井巷优化设计方法、建设模式、建井提运装备的发展现状和面临的难题;基于深部井巷围岩"应力调控-改性-支护"理念,提出了围岩应力调控技术,地面预注浆加固、抗渗、降-隔-保温技术等围岩改性技术,以及矿井工程支护结构等围岩控制理论与及其关键技术;提出了深井智能掘进装备与智能控制系统研发体系,梳理了机械破岩掘进装备制造与发展趋势,从高效破岩与排渣、装备构成与空间优化、精确智能钻井控制3个方面分析了上排渣竖井掘进机设计与制造亟需攻克的科学问题与技术难题;围绕破岩掘进复杂工序智能监控、围岩与井壁结构稳定智能监控、井筒内运行设备智能监控,提出了深部矿井全生命周期智能监控系统与关键技术体系。基于以上深部矿井开拓模式的优化设计、建井装备及其相应关键技术工艺的深入思考和分析,有望为深部矿井安全高效绿色建设提供解决思路。

Construction mode and key technology of mining shaft engineering for deep mineral resources

The extraction of deep mineral resources is an important material support for the continuous supply of resources and the guarantee of rapid economic development in China.Shaft engineering,as a safe passage into deep mining,is the throat for deep mining.Therefore,the key technology of deep mine construction is important for extracting deep mineral resources.Based on the concept of lead time in engineering design and equipment manufacturing for deep mines,the deep mine construction models,optimized design and theories,mine construction technology and intelligent equipment,intelligent monitoring technology system,mine construction and ecological environment mutual feedback are in urgent need of breakthroughs.This study systematically analyzes mine geological conditions,data fusion inversion and transparent reconstruction technology and scientific problems to be solved urgently,and reviews the development status of deep mine shaft optimization design method,construction mode,shaft sinking and lifting equipment and facing problems.Based on the concept of"stress control-modification-support"for the surrounding rock of deep mines,the surrounding rock stress control technology,ground pre-grouting reinforcement,anti-seepage technology,drop-separation-heat preservation technology and other surrounding rock reforms are proposed.The theory and key technologies of surrounding rock control such as the supporting structure of mine engineering are also presented.A research and development system for deep shaft intelligent heading equipment and intelligent control system is proposed,and the manufacturing and development trends of existing mechanical rock-breaking heading equipment is reviewed.The design and manufacture of the upper slagging shaft heading machine need to be overcome in three aspects,including slag discharge,equipment configuration and space optimization,and precise intelligent drilling control.The intelligent monitoring of the complex process of rock-breaking and heading,and stable surrounding rock and shaft wall structure intelligent monitoring and intelligent monitoring of operating equipment in the shaft have established a full life cycle intelligent monitoring system and key technologies for deep mines.In-depth thinking and analysis based on the optimization design,construction equipment and corresponding key technology of the above-mentioned deep mine development mode are expected to provide solutions for the safe,efficient and green construction of deep mines.