新疆煤基固体废弃物处置与资源化利用研究

新疆煤炭资源储量丰富,是我国重要的煤炭生产接续区和战略性储备区,开发利用过程中产生的煤基固废合理处置与资源化问题是制约矿区环境保护的难题之一。总结分析了新疆煤基固废的理化特征和分类形式及其产生的地质背景。分析表明:吐哈、准噶尔、伊犁、库拜4大煤田产生的煤基固废的理化特征存在明显地区差异,以低阶烟煤为主的低变质煤田区域的煤矸石多以砂岩、黏土岩、钙质岩为主;通过对典型煤基固废的综合评价,提出了新疆煤基固废梯级资源化利用的产业链布局模式;提出了以煤基固废的就地充填为基础,协同发展保水开采、净水开采、储能开采等煤基固废利用的新方法,探讨了煤基固废-电-化、煤基固废-电-建等高附加值开发利用产业布局模式,详细阐述了煤基固废在发电利用、建材利用、化工产品制备、充填处置及工程填料等方面综合资源化利用方法的原理和技术路线,提出了以合理处置矸石和水资源保护为目标的煤炭资源高效集约化开采技术。研究成果对新疆地区优化煤炭产业布局、煤基固废梯级资源化利用及矿区生态环境保护具有重要的指导意义。

Prospects of resource utilization and disposal of coal-based solid wastes in Xinjiang

Xinjiang Vygur Autonomous Region,abundant with coal resource,is an important coal resource continuation area and strategic reserve area in China.Reasonable disposal and resource utilization of coal-based solid wastes generated during mining and utilization is one of the difficult problems restricting the environmental protection of mining areas.This paper summarizes and analyzes the physical and chemical characteristics,classification and its geological background of coal-based solid wastes in Xinjiang.The analysis shows that there are obvious regional differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of coal-based solid wastes generated in the four major coal fields of Tuha,Junggar,Yili and Kubai.The coal gangue generated in the low metamorphic coalfield area is mostly sandstone,clay,and calcareous rock.Through the comprehensive evaluation of typical coal-based solid wastes,the industrial chain layout model of cascade re?source utilization of coal-based solid waste in Xinjiang is proposed.Based on the in-situ filling of coal-based solid wastes,a new method for the coordinated development of water-preserving mining,water purification mining,and energy storage mining is proposed.Coal-based solid waste-electricity-chemical,coal-based solid waste-electricity-construction and other high value-added development and utilization industrial layout models are discussed.Then,the principle and technical route of comprehensive resource utilization methods such as power generation utilization,building materials utilization,chemical product preparation,filling disposal and engineering filling are elaborated in detail.Finally,a high-efficiency and intensive mining technology for coal resources with the goal of rational disposal of gangue and wa?ter resources protection is proposed.These research results will have important practical significance for optimizing the layout of the coal industry,cascade resource utilization of coal-based solid wastes,and ecological environment protection in Xinjiang Mining Areas.