Factors Controlling Properties of Ca‐Mg,Ca‐Er,Ca‐Nd,or Ca‐Y‐Modified Aluminosilicate Glasses Containing Nitrogen and Fluorine

Glasses with composition (in eq.%) (30 ? x)Ca:xM:55Si:15Al:80O:15N:5F have been prepared with different levels of substitution of Ca²⁺ cations by Mg²⁺, Y³⁺, Er³⁺, or Nd³⁺. The properties of these glasses are examined in detail and changes observed in molar volume (MV), free volume, fractional glass compactness, Young's modulus, microhardness, glass transition temperature, and thermal expansion as a function of M content are presented. Using linear regression analysis, evidence is presented which clearly shows that these glass properties are either solely dependent on the effective cation field strength, if modifier cation valency is the same (e.g., Mg substitution for Ca), or dependent on the effective cation field strength and the number of (Si, Al) (O, N, F) tetrahedra associated with each modifier when Ca is replaced by the trivalent modifiers. Combining these correlations with those observed previously relating glass properties to N and F substitution for O, it becomes apparent that glass properties for Ca–M–Si–Al–O–N–F glasses can be described by correlations which involve independent, but additive contributions by N and F substitution levels, effective cation field strength, and the number of tetrahedra associated with each modifier ion.