超声波处理对渣油物性的影响

以四种不同来源和属性的渣油为原料，研究了超声波处理前后渣油基本物性和结构参数的变化，并对超声波处理前后渣油的加氢效果进行了对比研究 。结果表明：经超声处理后渣油的平均相对分子质量减小，粘度降低，密度基本不变；SARA四组分中，饱和分、芳香分和沥青质含量均减小，胶质的含量增加，胶质和沥青质的总含量增加；沥青质含量越高，经超声处理后胶质增加量越多，饱和分减少量越小，芳香分减少越大。超声波处理使渣油的平均分子总碳数C、芳环上的碳数CA、总环数RT、芳环数RA、环烷环数RN均减小，重油特征化参数KH增大，超声波处理改变了渣油的平均结构。沥青质含量和结构的变化是超声波处理引起渣油物性变化的最主要原因。

Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Residue Properties

The changes in properties and structural parameters of four vacuum residue samples before and after ultrasonic treatment were analyzed. Ultrasonic treatment plays an important role in controlling the physical properties of vacuum residue, such as the increase in carbon residue value, decrease in average molecular weight and viscosity, which can barely influence the density of vacuum residue. Meanwhile the constitution of residue can be varied including the decrease in the content of saturates, aromatics and asphaltenes, while the increase in the content of resins can lead to an increase in the total content of asphaltenes and resins. Among the four kinds of residue samples, there is a common trend that the more the content of asphaltenes in feedstock is, the more the increase in the content of resins, the more significant decrease in the aromatic content and the less decrease in the saturates content after ultrasonic treatment of residue would be. Changes in the structure and content of asphaltenes caused by ultrasonic treatment have a significant impact on the changes in residue properties. Ultrasonic treatment has changed the structural parameters of residue such as decrease in CTotal, CA, RT, RA and RN, and increase of KH. The study has indicated that ultrasonic treatment of vacuum residue can change the average structure of residue, and the changes in the content and structure of asphaltenes are the main cause leading to property changes. The results of residue hydrotreating revealed that coke yield decreased, whereas the gas and light oil yield and conversion increased after ultrasonic treatment of vacuum residue. Ultrasonic treatment can improve the product properties obtained during secondary processing of vacuum residue.