如何构建中国天然气交易市场

尽管天然气交易市场在欧美已日臻成熟,但在我国还是一个新生事物,国内的相关研究和文献都很少。随着我国天然气供需形势的不断变化,建立中国自己的天然气交易市场、推动天然气贸易机制创新已势在必行。为此,通过分析天然气交易市场在天然气市场发展中的地位和作用,结合中国天然气市场发展现状和趋势,获得以下认识:1中国有必要建立天然气交易市场,以此保障供应安全、提高天然气利用效率、谋求国际天然气市场定价话语权;2中国拥有多元化的天然气供应源及旺盛的市场需求,随着输气管网的完善,已具备了建立天然气交易市场的基本条件;3中国天然气交易市场的建立应循序渐进,逐渐放松价格管制,由区域天然气交易市场逐步发展成为国家级天然气交易市场,形成东北亚地区天然气市场的基准价格,并适时推出天然气期货交易;4政府应对建立天然气交易市场提供法律法规和政策支持,规范市场发展。

A discussion on building a natural gas trading center in China

Although natural gas trading centers are well developed in Europe and the USA, this is still a fresh thing in present China, where few related researches and literatures can be found. Along with the ever changing supply demand situation, it is imperative for China to establish its own natural gas trading center and promote the relevant system and mechanism innovation. In view of this, the positions and roles of a natural gas trading center in the development of natural gas markets were first analyzed. On this basis, the following findings were achieved. (1) Under the present situation and developing trend of the natural gas market in China, a natural gas trading center is necessary to be built to ensure the supply security, improve natural gas utilization efficiency, and fight for a speaking right in global natural gas market pricing. (2) With a brisk demand for gas and multiple gas supply sources, China has got ready for a natural gas trading center in the wake of the improvement of gas pipeline networks. (3) A natural gas trading center should be built step by step and the price regulation should be gradually relaxed; regional trading markets will be developed into a state level natural gas trading center, where then benchmark prices should be formed in the Northeast Asian markets and a natural gas futures market will be timely introduced. (4) Relevant laws, regulations and policies should be issued by the government to support the establishment of a natural gas trading center with convenience to be further regulated.