中亚地区植被净初级生产力时空动态及其与气候因子关系

植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)及其对气候变化的响应是全球变化的核心研究内容之一，研究中亚地区NPP的时空格局变化对理解植被—环境的作用机理以及应对全球变化具有重要的意义。基于MOD17A3数据集、气象数据结合GIS分析方法研究中亚地区2000~2014年的植被NPP时空动态特征及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明：①中亚地区空间上NPP的变化范围在0~874 gC/m²·a之间，平均值为151.90 gC/m²·a，NPP年总量平均值为482.41TgC (1 Tg=10¹² g)，NPP平均值与总量均呈现出下降趋势；②中亚地区NPP的高值区主要分布在高纬度地区和东南部高山地区，中部和南部荒漠区则为NPP的低值区；③中亚地区2000~2014年间NPP在空间上总体呈现下降趋势，达到显著下降的区域总体面积的39.89%。NPP呈下降趋势的区域主要集中在哈萨克斯坦的大部分区域，不同分区内以典型草原区最为显著；④中亚地区NPP受降水量的影响作用高于气温，荒漠草原区、典型草原区以及荒漠区主要受到降水量的控制，高山草甸区与高山林地区则受到降水和气温的共同作用。

Temporal-Spatial Variation Analysis of Net Primary Productivity and its Relationship with Climate in Central Asia

The Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of vegetation and its response to climate change is one of the key areas in research of global change. The study on spatial and temporal changes of NPP in central Asia is important to understand the mechanism of vegetation-environment action and to cope with global change. Therefore, based on the MOD17A3 dataset and meteorological data and GIS analysis method, this paper is intended to analyze the spatial pattern, temporal variation and the driving factors to NPP in Central Asia during 2000~2014. The results shows that: ①the spatial variation of NPP in Central Asia is ranged from 0 to 874 gC/m²·a, with an average of 151.90 gC/m²·a. The average annual total NPP is 482.41TgC (1 Tg=10¹² g), and both the average NPP and total NPP showed a decrease trend. ②The average NPP was higher in southeastern alpine regions and high latitudes areas than in central and southern desert areas in Central Asia. ③From 2000 to 2014, the annual NPP in central Asia showed a decrease trend with a rate of -2.05 gC/m²·a², covering 39.89% of the region with significant reduction. The areas in which NPP decreased were mainly distributed in Kazakhstan, with typical steppe zone being the most significant in five ecological zones. ④The effect of precipitation on NPP in Central Asia was stronger than that of temperature. Precipitation influenced NPP of typical steppe，desert and desert steppe more seriously, while alpine meadow and alpine forest were jointly affected by precipitation and temperature.