一种新型碳酸酯用作柴油机清洁含氧燃料添加剂的探讨

提出了碳酸甲基-2-乙氧乙基酯新型柴油机清洁含氧燃料添加剂。采用来源丰富、廉价的化工原料完成了合成工作，并采用FTIR、^1H NMR和GC-MS进行了结构表征。采用单缸、水冷、直喷式柴油机研究了该含氧燃料添加剂对发动机废气排放、动力性、燃油经济性的影响，结果表明当柴油中添加25％(Vol)时，发动机外特性上CO减少29．2％～40．5％。添加15％(Vol)时NOx最大减少15．9％；2000r／min转速的负荷特性上CO减少46．7％～69．4％，烟度降低最大可达50％，添加15％(Vol)时NOx最大减少22．8％。不论在外特性还是负荷特性上，HC则显著增加，但由于排放水平低，HC排放总量仍然较小。掺烧该含氧燃料添加剂发动机动力性没有明显下降，而燃油消耗率有所提高。

Exploration on a New Kind of Carbonate as a Clean Diesel Fuel Additive

In this paper, an experimental study was carried out with a novel oxygenate named as methyl 2-ethoxyethyl carbonate and was used as a clean diesel fuel additive. The new oxygenate was chemically synthesized and structurally identified by FTIR, 1H NMR and GC-MS analyses The effects of different additions in diesel fuel on engine-out emissions, power output and fuel economy were analyzed in a single cylinder, DI diesel engine. The results showed that, under full load and engine speed condition, CO emission could be decreased by degree of 29.2% to 40.5% when diesel fuel was mixed with 25% of the oxygenate by volume. NO_x emissions could be reduced by 15.9% when 15% of the oxygenate added by volume. Under partial load condition at engine speed of 2 000 r/min, CO emissions could be decreased by degree of 46.7% to 69.4%, and smoke could be reduced by 50% when 25% of oxygenate added in diesel fuel, meanwhile, and NO_x emissions could be decreased by 22.8% when 15% of oxygenate added in diesel fuel. However, HC emissions showed a remarkable increase under the conditions of both full loads and partial loads, nevertheless, HC still remains a low level from the point of the absolute value. Engine power output showed little reduction while an increase in BSFC was observed.