海相层系多种烃源及其示踪体系研究进展

近年来我国海相油气勘探不断获得重大突破，不仅向世界展示了中国海相层系油气勘探的巨大潜力，还显示了我国海相油气地质理论不断发展和完善的辉煌成就。其中海相成烃理论的研究，揭示了海相层系烃源类型及其转化的多样性，表明我国海相层系存在多种形式烃源共存且相互转化、连续或叠置生烃过程，普遍存在生烃母质的物质状态转换和生烃过程与贡献的接替，呈现出“多源复合、多阶连续”的天然气形成演化特点；初步建立了多种烃源及其转化过程的示踪与评价指标体系，快速发展了实验地质学及测试技术，现代有机质生烃控制试验、高演化有机质的催化加氢热解研究以及稀有气体组分和同位素定量研究等正在为成烃理论研究和成烃示踪指标体系的完善提供良好的平台和技术。但现有气源示踪指标，不足以解决存在的主要问题，理论基础仍有待完善。针对南方高演化多烃源的客观地质条件，多指标的综合应用和新指标的开发是解决多烃源成烃过程和示踪问题的重要途径，完善和建立海相气源示踪体系，必将为海相油气勘探研究提供理论依据及科学手段。

Research Progress on Manifold Hydrocarbon Source and Its Trace System in Marine Strata

The important breakthroughs in marine petroleum exploration recently show that the enormous exploration potential and new progress of theoretical research on oil and gas geology, including the theory on hydrocarbon generation: multiformity of type of hydrocarbon source and conversion in marine strata, indicate that manifold hydrocarbon sources coexist in mutual conversion, and in continuous or superposed hydrocarbon generation despite different phases or ages, present the mechanism of "multi-source complex and multi-stage continuity" on formation and evolution of natural gases; preliminary trace index system are proposed; experimental geology and experimental methods & analytical techniques are developing quickly; the biodegradation of modern algae and the simulating experiments of modern algae thermal evolution, catalytic hydropyrolysis from the higher evolved organic sediment, and the compositions of noble gases and their isotopic quantitative analysis are presenting a good research platform and experimental techniques for the in-depth studies on the theory of hydrocarbon generation and perfect the trace index system. Whereas, the marine petroleum exploration is still faced with many challenges, which include many unresolved questions relating to the mechanism, index, and technique for effective revealing of main hydrocarbon source, so the theory of hydrocarbon generation is up for perfection, and the composite application of multiple index and development of new index is still an important way.