湿热地区老年人夏季室外热舒适阈值研究

旨在探索湿热地区老年人夏季室外热舒适阈值。以课题示范工程、样本量集中的广州市老人院为研究案例，结合现场实测与问卷调研，获得各气象要素（空气温度、相对湿度、黑球温度、风速）的逐时数据及老年人室外热舒适状况；借助Rayman模型，计算生理等效温度PET，运用SPSS进行回归分析建立老年人室外热舒适评价模型；并评析不同类型测点空间的热环境情况与特点。结论如下：（1）湿热地区夏季老年人室外热环境中性PET值为25.60℃；台湾、香港、广州等湿热气候地区，老年人与混合年龄层中性PET值接近，人群中性PET值具有一定普适性；（2）老年人热感觉中性范围为23.79℃~27.41℃，较混合年龄层窄；老年人室外环境热舒适PET范围为22.70℃~32.53℃，老年人对偏凉感觉（PET=23.10℃）更感舒适；老年人达到90%可接受率的PET范围是22.62℃~31.15℃；（3）老年人夏季热敏感度为3.62PET（℃）/TSV，夏季老年人对室外热环境敏感度明显高于混合年龄层，因此室外热环境设计对老年人具有更大影响；（4）在适当遮荫条件（植物或建筑）下，老年人在夏季依然乐于接受室外阳光辐射；但需综合运用遮阳、通风、降温等设计策略才能满足老年人对热环境的舒适需求。以期为湿热地区室外环境适老设计提供研究方法和设计目标的参考。

Study of the Outdoor Thermal Comfort Threshold of Elderly Peoplein Hot and Humid Regions in Summer

This research aims to explore the outdoor thermal comfort threshold for the elderly in summer in hot and humid regions. Taking the Guangzhou Nursing Home as a case study, and based on field measurements and a survey, hourly microclimate data (such as air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature and wind velocity) and the outdoor thermal comfort status of the elderly are collected and generalized in the paper. Using the Rayman model, the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated, and then the outdoor thermal comfort evaluation model for the elderly was established by using the SPSS.  The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The neutral PET in outdoor thermal environments of the elderly in summer in hot and humid regions is 25.60 ℃, while the neutral PET of populations in hot and humid climatic regions, such as Taiwan, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, shares some similarities. (2) The neutral range for the thermal sensations of the elderly is 23.79 ℃~27.41 ℃, which is narrower than other age groups. Meanwhile, the thermal comfort PET range for outdoor thermal environments of the elderly is 22.70 ℃~32.53 ℃, indicating older people feel more comfortable in cooler environments (PET=23.10 ℃). The PET range for the elderly with 90% acceptability is 22.62 ℃~31.15 ℃. (3) In this study, the thermal sensitivity of elderly people in summer is 3.62 PET (℃) / TSV, which indicates that, compared with people of different ages, the elderly are more sensitive to outdoor thermal environments. Therefore, the design of outdoor thermal environments has a greater impact on the elderly. (4) With proper shade (plants or buildings), the elderly are better able to tolerate outdoor sunlight radiation in summer. Meanwhile, it is necessary to adopt comprehensive design strategies such as shading, ventilation and cooling to ensure a comfortable environment for the elderly on hot days. The research was conducted with a view to providing reference points for the research and design of outdoor environments in hot and humid regions.