养老机构的环境理念和设计要素

全球老龄化中，高龄老人组(80+)的增速最快。养老形式依国情和文化各有不同，但高龄老人对机构养老服务的需求则普遍相似。对近30年间以中英文发表的机构养老环境研究进行了归纳和分析，旨在推动养老产业的健康发展，为未来研究点明方向。基于成果分析，把养老机构的环境设计理念归纳为4点：家居气氛、人际交流、接触自然、适当运动；空间设计要素归纳为3层：场地环境、建筑布局、主要空间（老人居室、交往空间、服务设施）。养老机构的建设宜考虑上述要素，以安全方便为原则，从区域规划出发，重视本土化和科技化，关注中国老人的特点而非照搬国外经验。

Environmental Concepts and Design Consideration in Regard to SeniorlivingFacilities#br#

In the era of global aging, people aged 80 years and older develop the fastest-growing group in the older population. Typologies of senior living may differ by country and culture, but the needs of people aged 80+ years for institutionalized senior-living services are similar. This paper intends to promote the development of senior-living facilities and clarify the direction for future research. Focusing on the empirical research of seniorliving environments, a literature review was conducted to summarize and analyze the findings published in English and Chinese in the recent 30 years. The key factors of senior-living facility design are clarified in terms of design theory (homelike decorations, social interaction, natural lighting, and moderate physical activity) and spatial design (overall planning, building layout, and important spaces: residential rooms, common places, and amenities). These key factors may be considered in the future development of Chinese senior-living facilities to promote environmental safety and convenience, in response to local needs and high technology, focusing on the needs of older Chinese instead of coping overseas experience.