中国钢铁工业低碳绿色生产氢源思考与探索

依据2007年至今的思考、探索和沉淀，本文认为中国钢铁工业脱碳转型依然沿世界现有的钢铁发展规律，从以高炉和转炉的长流程转向电炉钢加直接还原铁为代表的短流程，中国在这一低碳化转型过程中卡脖子问题是没有直接还原铁生产的氢资源，世界直接还原铁生产基本以天然气为氢源，但中国富煤缺油少气的现状利用天然气生产直接还原铁不具可行性。依据本文作者团队近15年的科研实践，提出：各类煤气可成为中国近期生产直接还原铁的可行氢源，中期为电替代炼厂干气及电烯干气，远期则为光伏风电的电解水制氢，以上氢源可支撑中国钢铁工业的氢冶金低碳化转型。以上述中国氢源路线图，开发低碳绿色氢冶金棋局技术是当务之急。本文提出应集政府、头部企业和科研单位一体化三螺旋合作攻关示范，易于发挥中国集中力量办大事的体制优势，攻克中国钢铁工业低碳化生产的瓶颈。

Exploration of hydrogen sources for the low-carbon and green production in the steel industry in China

Since 2007, with the thinking, exploration and accumulation, it is believed that the decarburization transformation of China’s iron and steel industry is still following the current law of steel development in the world from the BF-BOF process to EAF and direct reduction iron (DRI) process. For the low-carbon transition in China, the “stuck neck” problem is that there is no hydrogen resource for DRI production because the world’s DRI production normally uses natural gas as the hydrogen source, while it is not available in China with the current situation (abundant of coal, lack of oil and gas) . According to the practice of the past 15 years, the hydrogen energy which could be regarded as the source to support the low-carbon transformation in hydrogen metallurgy of China’s steel industry were as followed. In the short term, various types of gas could be used as a viable hydrogen source for the production of DRI in China. In the medium term, electricity would replace dry gas in refineries and electrical olefin. In the long term, the source would be achieved by water-electrolytic hydrogen from photovoltaic and wind power. Based on the above-mentioned China’s hydrogen source roadmap, the development of low-carbon with green hydrogen metallurgical technology was a top priority. The integration of the government, leading enterprises and universities in the triple-helix cooperation demonstration would facilitate the role of China’s institutional strengths of focusing on major events, thereby overcoming the bottleneck of low-carbon production in China’s iron and steel industry.