几种典型固废与神华煤掺烧的结渣特性

以三种典型工业有机固废和神华煤掺烧在实验室气氛炉中燃烧形成的混合灰样为研究对象，通过表观形貌分析、熔融性温度分析、X射线衍射图谱分析（XRD）和扫描电镜耦合X射线能谱分析（SEM+EDS）研究了在空气氛围下固废与煤耦合燃料的结渣特性和结渣机理。结果表明，与原煤灰相比，活性炭和药渣显著降低了混合灰的熔点，促进结渣；树脂提高了混合灰的熔点，不易渣化熔融。添加活性炭和药渣后，混合灰中产生了较多的霞石、钠/钾长石类等低熔点物质，容易结合成含钠钾硅酸盐的低温共熔体，并抑制了莫来石的生成。药渣中含有大量的磷酸铝、磷酸铁钙等含磷矿物质，易与含钙矿物质和赤铁矿形成无定形玻璃相的低温共熔体，相同条件下，添加药渣的结渣现象比活性炭更严重。添加树脂后的混合灰中生成了大量的莫来石等高熔点物质，与氧化铝、石英共同建构灰的“骨架”，保持较好的抗渣化特性。总体来讲，神华煤中掺烧20%的该树脂是可行的，针对活性炭，混烧比例不宜高于10%，而药渣则以低于5%为宜。

Slagging properties of several typical solid wastes mixed with Shenhua coal

Burning Shenhua coal with three typical industrial organic solid wastes in a laboratory atmosphere furnace to get the mixed ash sample as the research object, through the appearance analysis, melting temperature analysis, X-ray diffraction pattern analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscope coupled X-ray energy spectrum analysis (SEM+EDS), the slagging characteristics and slagging mechanism of solid waste and coal coupled fuel in air atmosphere were studied. The results showed that compared with raw coal ash, activated carbon and medicine slag significantly reduced the melting point of mixed ash and promote slagging; resin increases the melting point of mixed ash and was not easy to slag and melt. After adding activated carbon and medicine slag, more low-melting substances such as nepheline and sodium/potassium feldspar were produced in the mixed ash, which are easily combined into a low-temperature eutectic containing sodium potassium silicate and inhibit the mullite generation. The medicine slag contained a large amount of phosphorus-containing minerals such as aluminum phosphate and calcium iron phosphate, which are easy to form a low-temperature eutectic of amorphous glass phase with calcium-containing minerals and hematite. Under the same conditions, the slagging phenomenon of the added medicine slag was more serious than activated carbon. A large amount of high melting point substances such as mullite were generated in the mixed ash after the resin was added, which together with alumina and quartz construct the "skeleton" of the ash, and maintain good slag resistance characteristics. In general, it was feasible to blend 20% of the resin in Shenhua coal. For activated carbon, the blending ratio should not be higher than 10%, and the dregs of a decoction should be less than 5%.