酸催化剂在甲醛与甲酸甲酯偶联反应中的作用研究

选取不同酸强度的催化剂硫酸、三氟甲烷磺酸、硫酸氢钠和硫酸氢钾,研究了酸催化剂在甲醛与甲酸甲酯偶联合成乙醇酸甲酯和甲氧基乙酸甲酯反应中的作用。通过在不同反应条件下催化剂对产物收率和系统压力影响的分析,提出催化剂的酸性强弱及浓度决定其对甲醛的活化能力,是偶联反应的关键因素;提高温度可促进催化剂对甲醛的活化;催化剂对副反应也有催化作用,特别是在高温时;适宜的催化剂浓度及反应温度对获得较高产率的所需产物是必须的,但“过高”对反应不利。

The Application of Acid Catalyst in the Coupling Reaction of Formaldehyde and Methyl Formate

The application of acid catalysts in the coupling reaction of formaldehyde and methyl formate to form methyl glycolate and methyl methoxyacetate was investigated. Through the analysis of yields at different reaction conditions using catalysts with different acid strength such as sulfuric acid, trifluoro methane sulfuric acid, sodium bisulfate and potassium bisulfate, it was proposed that the effective activation of catalyst to formaldehyde, which depends on its acidity and concentration, is the critical factor to the reaction. High temperature is favorable to the activation of catalyst to formaldehyde. Catalyst alto plays a part in catalyzing side reaction, especially at high temperature. Suitable catalyst concentration and reaction temperature are necessary for obtaining desired products with high yield.