The long-run and causal analysis of energy,growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey |
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Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cag University, 33800, Mersin, Turkey;2. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya-Hatay, Turkey;1. Department of Economics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey;2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia;1. Higher Institute of Industrial Management of Sfax, Tunisia;2. Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Sfax, Tunisia;3. University of Orleans (CNRS, LEO, UMR 7322), Orleans, France;4. Toulouse Business School, France;5. IPAG Lab, IPAG Business School, Paris, France |
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Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between financial development, trade, economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emissions in Turkey for the 1960–2007 period. The bounds F‐test for cointegration test yields evidence of a long-run relationship between per capita carbon emissions, per capita energy consumption, per capita real income, the square of per capita real income, openness and financial development. The results show that an increase in foreign trade to GDP ratio results an increase in per capita carbon emissions and financial development variable has no significant effect on per capita carbon emissions in the long- run. These results also support the validity of EKC hypothesis in the Turkish economy. It means that the level of CO2 emissions initially increases with income, until it reaches its stabilization point, then it declines in Turkey. In addition, the paper explores causal relationship between the variables by using error-correction based Granger causality models. |
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