微生物表面活性剂在稠油乳化降粘中的实验研究

方法　利用不同的培养基对不同的菌种进行培养并改变温度等条件 ,对菌种进行驯化、培养 ,同时对其进行评价和对原油乳化能力进行测试。目的　获得某一菌株的代谢产品 ,分离检测和评价其表面活性剂的种类、含量和效果。结果　通过不同的试验条件 ,选出了一株产表面活性剂较多的菌株 ,可以使蒸馏水的表面张力由 88 0mN/m降到 39 0mN/m。该菌能在以液蜡为唯一碳源的培养基中生长 ,但产生的表面活性剂很少 ,而在含糖培养基中则产生较多的表面活性剂。经分离、提纯、分析为脂肽 (或脂蛋白 ) ,其产物水解后 ,经薄层层析测出主要成分为氨基酸和脂肪酸。结论　通过实验证明 ,微生物在合适的条件下进行新陈代谢 ,可以产生大量的表面活性剂 ,对原油具有较强的乳化、分散作用 ,在微生物采油技术的应用中非常重要。同时也为微生物采油的机理研究提供了可靠的数据和相应的评价方法。

Experiment study of microbion surfactant in deviscofying emulsified heavy oil.

Method In this paper are presented the results of taming and raising different species of bacteria in various base fluids under different temperatures and other conditions, meanwhile, testing and evaluating their emulsification effects on crude oil. Purpose To obtain metabolism product of one bacterium so as to measure and evaluate the species, quantity and effect of its produced sufactant. Result Trough a variety of experiments under different conditions, one bacterium is selected which can generate relatively more sufactants and reduce suface tension of distilled water from 88 0 mN/m down to 39 0 mN/m. This bacterum can be raised in two kinds of base fluids, such as the one which take fluid wax as the sole source of carbon but with little surfactant or the other which contains sugar for relatively more surfactant. With separation and purification, it is found that the products contain mainly lipopeptid or fatty protein; if the product is hydrolyzed first, then we found the central constituents are amino acid and fatty acids with thin bedded tomography. Conclusion The experiments show that metabolism of microbion under suitable conditions will produce substantial amount of surfactant which has relatively strong emulsification and dispersion effects upon crude oil and also one of the significant applications in utillzing microbion for producing oil. In addition, the same experiments will also provide reliable data and corresponding evaluation methods to wards study of producing oil with microbion.